About Cybernetics

   Cybernetics - the science of the general patterns of control and information systems, living organisms and societies.

   In information theory the term cybernetics was first proposed by Norbert Wiener in the 50 years.

   Stafford Beer called it the science of effective organization, and Gordon of Pasco has expanded the definition to include the information flow "in all media", ranging from stars to brains. It includes the study of feedback, black boxes and derived concepts such as management and communication in living organisms, machines and organizations, including the self. It focuses on how anything (digital, mechanical or biological) processes information and reacts to it varies, or can be changed in order to better carry out the first two goals. A more philosophical definition of cybernetics as proposed in 1956 by Luis Kouffignal (Louis Couffignal), one of the pioneers of cybernetics, cybernetics describes as "the art of effective action".

   Computer Science - Interdisciplinary Studies of regulatory systems. Science is linked closely with the theory of control and systems theory. And in the origin and development in the second half of the 20th century, cybernetics same applies to the physical and social (ie, based on language) systems. Science is distinguished when the system under study is involved in a closed circuit signal, where the system in the environment causes a change in the environment, and this change manifests itself in the system via the information / feedback that causes changes in the way of system behavior. These "circular causal" relations are necessary and sufficient in terms of cybernetics.

   Contemporary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary research that connects the area of control systems, theory of electrical circuits, engineering, logic modeling, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, anthropology, and psychology at the 1940th, often attributed Conferences Macy.

   Other areas of research that influenced or were influenced by cybernetics include game theory, theory of (mathematical equivalent of cybernetics), psychology (especially neuropsychology, behaviourism, cognitive psychology), philosophy, and architecture.